I have a film recommendation for you: the beautiful and timely award-winning documentary Defining Moments: The Life and Leadership of Quiet Revolutionary Frances Hesselbein. I attended a screening in New York City in May and it deeply resonated with me. If you are not yet familiar with Frances Hesselbein, I can tell you she was a positive, connection-minded leader and one to emulate.
Leader, advisor, mentor, encourager, and friend to many—from young Girls Scouts in western Pennsylvania, across the US and the world, to cadets and officers in the military and at the United States Military Academy at West Point, to CEOs of major corporations and non-profit organizations, Mrs. Hesselbein lived to the remarkable age of 107, bearing witness to more than a century of history. The documentary thoughtfully portrays her life and leadership philosophy—principles that are precisely what we need in today’s government, businesses, and social sector organizations.
The film opens with Mrs. Hesselbein reflecting: “In our country and in many parts of the world, we have the lowest level of trust and the highest level of cynicism in my whole lifetime. What will sustain the democracy is the big question.”
Trust in leadership stems from our assessment of a leader’s competence, dependability, and familiarity with their life and character. It is also influenced by our perception of whether a leader is driven by a genuine desire to serve others or by self-interest. Is it all about them or about the mission, the organization, and a positive future?
“Leadership is a matter of how to be, not how to do,” Frances Hesselbein was known to say. “It is the quality and character of the leader that determines the performance and results.” The guiding principle in her life was articulated in this phrase that she embodied: To serve is to live.
In the film, we are shown several defining moments in Mrs. Hesselbein’s life that invite trust and admiration:
As a little girl, she was deeply affected when she learned about the respect her grandmother had shown to a Chinese immigrant while other people in the town were indifferent to him or disrespectful. It led her to embrace the value of respect for all people.
At age 17, following the death of her father, she left college to support her mother and two younger siblings. She continued her education part-time, attending classes in the evenings and on weekends.
In her mid-30s, she stepped in to be the volunteer leader of a local Girl Scout troop of 30 ten-year-old girls when the previous leader moved away—even though she had no daughters herself, only an elementary-aged son. When told she was their last hope or the troop would need to disband, she agreed to take the post, temporarily, until a permanent leader could be found. Several weeks turned into eight years; she stayed with those girls until they graduated from high school. Her attitude of service began a 40-year relationship of increasing leadership responsibility within the Girl Scouts of the USA.
When invited to interview for the role of CEO of the Girl Scouts of the USA, she traveled from her home in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, to New York City. Though she did not believe they were seriously considering her for the position, her husband urged her to go. During the interview, she spoke candidly about how she would completely transform the organization. To her surprise, they offered her the job. She became the first CEO to be chosen from within the organization and served from 1976-1990.
Under her leadership, the Girl Scouts replaced a hierarchical leadership style with a more networked circular-leadership model, modernized its programs, expanded its reach to younger girls, and broadened its appeal while staying true to its core values. As one person observed, Mrs. Hesselbein put herself in the center of the organizational chart, not at the top. The comeback from the decline the Girl Scouts had been in was remarkable: the mainly volunteer workforce grew to 780,000 individuals, minority membership tripled, and total membership grew to 2.25 million girls.
She developed a close and collaborative partnership with Peter Drucker, the father of modern management, who once said she was the greatest leader he had ever met—and that she could lead any organization. Coming from Drucker, who had worked with leaders like General Motors’ Alfred Sloan and U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower, that was a profound endorsement.
The year she retired from the Girl Scouts, Drucker invited her to be the founding president of a new endeavor, The Peter F. Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management. She established it as a widely-respected source of leadership thought. (The foundation was later renamed the Leader to Leader Institute then became The Frances Hesselbein Leadership Forum in 2017 and now offers leadership resources and inspiration to leaders working in every sector of industry and around the world.) The foundation’s journal, Leader to Leader, became an award-winning publication under her guidance and continues to be so today.
She was the first woman, and first civilian, to be appointed to be the Class of 1951 Chair for the Study of Leadership, a two-year position at West Point.
Her broad impact was formally recognized in 1998 as President Clinton bestowed upon her the Presidential Medal of Freedom—the highest civilian honor in the United States. After commending her work with the Girl Scouts, the citation stated: “She has worked to imbue other nonprofit groups with the hallmarks of true leadership: openness to innovation, willingness to share responsibility, and respect for diversity. With skill and sensitivity, Frances Hesselbein has shown us how to summon the best from ourselves and our fellow citizens.” Fortune magazine named her to its 2015 list of the world’s 50 greatest leaders. The obituary written by The New York Times in 2022 described her as a transformative and innovative leader.
I had the privilege of knowing Mrs. Hesselbein personally, and of contributing several articles to Leader to Leader over the years. She encouraged me to share my work on the importance of human connection in organizational cultures and I have previously written about her and ways that she fostered a culture of connection at the Girls Scouts of the USA.
Frances Hesselbein exemplified mission-driven, values-based leadership grounded in the character strengths of humility, love, and service. Defining Moments, in presenting the attitudes, words, and actions of this quiet revolutionary, captures her warmth, intelligence, and leadership wisdom, and emphasizes that a leader’s character is central to their effectiveness. This message feels particularly urgent today, as we begin to reckon with the consequences of overlooking character in those entrusted with power.
In the eulogy that he delivered at her memorial service several years ago, then U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III, a retired U.S. Army four-star general, spoke of his mentor:
Frances was one of the best leaders and managers in America, even without formal training. She was a mentor who drew out the very best in people. She was a trailblazer. She was a cheerleader for those working for progress. And she was a fighter —someone fiercely devoted to our democracy and determined to make our country better. …
Frances was a national treasure. But she never wanted to be put up on a pedestal. She wanted to help. She wanted to work. And everything she did reinforced a greater purpose. She showed us how to be the leaders we needed to be for those we serve.
With the prevalence of low trust and low employee engagement in a period of much change in the U.S. and abroad, I firmly believe we need more leaders like Frances Hesselbein. The film’s message is just what we need to hear at this inflection point in history. It is already beginning to receive recognition, winning a Telly Award for excellence in video and television, and being nominated for a Leo Award for Best Musical Score in a Short Documentary from the British Columbia Film and Television Industry, and I’m sure more awards will follow.
If you know of an organization that would benefit from a screening of Defining Moments, I encourage you to reach out to me at mstallard@epluribuspartners.com. I’ll be happy to connect you with the film’s executive producer, Sarah McArthur.
The film closes with this observation from Ms. McArthur, Editor-in-Chief of Leader to Leader and a close friend and collaborator of Frances’: “She showed us the principles to live by: humility, love, service, inclusion, respect for all people, listen first, speak last. She showed us how to go towards a bright future.”
Watch the trailer for Defining Moments on YouTube.
Photo Credit: Girl Scouts of the USA
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